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It is not clear whether Jehoshaphat was 35 years of age when he became coregent or when he became king his age of death would be at 59 if the former, or at 56 if the latter. "Twenty-five years": in Thiele's chronology (improved by McFall), Jehoshaphat became coregent in Tishrei (September) 873 BCE (Thiele has 872 BCE, on the 39th year of Asa, his father), and starting to rule as a sole king between September 870 and April 869 BCE (when Asa died) until his death between April and September 848 BCE.The name of his mother was Azubah the daughter of Shilhi. He was thirty-five years old when he began his reign, and he was king in Jerusalem for twenty-five years. Verse 31 And Jehoshaphat reigned over Judah. Despite a warning given through a prophet, Jehoshaphat went on with his alliance and therefore was condemned to failure, although this (as well as the previous misstep) did not affect the positive judgement for his reign. Jehoshaphat second misstep happened at the end of his reign that he again worked together with another king of northern kingdom (Ahaziah the son of Ahab). The end of Jehoshaphat's reign (20:31–37) As fear of YHWH struck not only Judah's neighboring kingdoms, but also all the kingdoms in the region, Judah was in peace as a reward for the nation's exemplary conduct. The war ended where it began, in the temple of Jerusalem (verses 26–28) and with music (verses 29–ģ0, cf. The entire action of God (verse 20) took place early in the morning (that is, the time at which God usually acted), leaving no survivor among the enemy armies and the largest spoils in the entire Hebrew Bible (taking three days to collect). Jehoshaphat, all Judeans and the citizens of Jerusalem reacted joyfully by worshipping YHWH (verses 18–19) followed by the Levites, who sang praises to God, even before the salvation happened. As previous sacral wars, 'the fear of God descends upon all the kingdoms of the countries (cf. Deuteronomy 20:2-4 1 Chronicles 25:1-8), as a result of faith in God, quoting both Moses (Exodus 14:13-14) and David (1 Samuel 7:47). Jahaziel, a Levitical singer, served as the designated priest to proclaim God's assurance of victory (cf. YHWH ordered Israel not to attack these Transjordanian neighbors (Deuteronomy 2), but as they attacked, Jehoshaphat appealed to YHWH for their expulsion from his land. Informed about the invasion of a huge enemy, Jehoshaphat resorted to prayer (verses 6–12), which was also called a 'national lament' (echoing Solomon's prayer in 2 Chronicles 6:28, 34), addressing YHWH as 'O LORD, God of our ancestors' and 'the ruler of all peoples who gave the Israelites their land'. This section contains the battle report of Jehoshaphat against the southeastern Transjordanian coalition of powers, but it was exclusively a sacral war (verse 15: "the battle is not yours, but God's") as the enemies destroyed themselves and the people of Judah only came to sing and pick up the spoils of war. Jehoshaphat Defeats Moab and Ammon (20:1–30) 2 Chronicles 20:6: Deuteronomy 4:39 1 Chronicles 29:11.
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Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus ( B G A 5th century). There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BCE. Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Aleppo Codex (10th century), and Codex Leningradensis (1008). This chapter was originally written in the Hebrew language and is divided into 37 verses.
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